Cloud Based Solution For Health Management System †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Cloud Based Solution For Health Management System. Answer: Presentation The National Youth Mental Health Foundation expects to receive a cloud-based answer for sending their principle wellbeing the board framework: My sound record framework. Distributed computing alludes to the conveyance of figuring assets as-an administration, rather than the convectional convey as-an item. Selection of a cloud based arrangement may include building up the framework and conveying it on the servers of a cloud administrations supplier - rather than putting resources into the equipment required to run the application. On the other hand, the organization may embrace a previously existing framework that is given through cloud get to. In the two cases, issues of information security, information possession, framework security and dangers must be examined to discover the achievability and practicality of the move. For this task, the organization means to embrace a cloud based arrangement, which is an off-the-rack arrangement that is cloud based. This paper presents an investigation of distributed computing corresponding to My solid record framework venture. The paper diagrams the Non-Functional Requirements of the framework, an audit of cloud based arrangements, for example, the points of interest, disservices and security dangers related with the cloud, just as administrative limitations that the task may experience. The paper at that point presents an investigation of the SDLC way to deal with be utilized, concentrating on either utilizing a Predictive or Adaptive philosophy. Non-Functional Requirements Non-utilitarian prerequisites allude to measures that can be utilized in passing judgment on the activities of a framework. These can be thought of as programming quality traits and are summed up as FURPS (Valacich, George and Hoffer, 2015). FURPS non-utilitarian necessities incorporate; Usability,Reliability,Performance andSecurity. The fundamental convenience part of the framework is the UI, since non-specialized clients will get to the framework. The framework in this way requires a simple to utilize UI. The framework requires basic and clear UIs, so that even a fledgling PC client can without much of a stretch utilize the framework. Dependability is a proportion of the frameworks capacity to reliably perform works as its creator planned (Valacich, George and Hoffer, 2015). For this undertaking, the realiability perspective will identify with the capacity to oversee patients, plan arrangements, and different elements of the framework. With respect to execution, the prerequisite is that the framework ought to have ideal perfomance and ought to be able to achieve errands productively and reliably (Valacich, George and Hoffer, 2015). For a cloud based arrangement, end clients must have the option to get to the framework, and perform assignments with no unnecessay deferrals and mistakes. At last, the security part of the framework will necessitate that the framework be made sure about to forestall potential information penetrates through hacking. The arrangement ought to give methods for making sure about information in travel, through the implemetation of safety efforts, for example, information encryption. A second part of framework security is the assurance of put away certifications. The certifications should be shielded to forestall malevolent access coming about because of unapproved exposure. Examination of useful and non-utilitarian necessities While the useful necessities of the framework necessitate that the framework handle client login, the non-practical prerequisite necessitates that legitimate client confirmation be done, to forestall noxious access. This incorporates forestalling access to the framework by clients who might not have changed their passwords for quite a while. Furthermore, the practical necessities necessitate that the framework give capacities to include patients and update tolerant subtleties. For this, the non-utilitarian necessity is that the framework gives sufficient security to the patient's subtleties. This incorporates tying down access to the data when it is being transmitted over the web, and when put away in a cloud database. Reviewof cloud based. With distributed computing, touchy wellbeing record information will be put away on an outsider framework. Despite the fact that distributed computing brings various points of interest, for example, access to unrivaled processing power, adaptability, cost sparing and openness, the innovation presents a horde of protection and security hazards that must be broke down and comprehended before receiving the innovation (Krutz and Vines, 2013).. Favorable circumstances of distributed computing Adaptability: the idea of distributed computing is that it permits one to scale processing assets as indicated by request. For this case, an expansion in information will interest for more extra room which will consequently be given on the cloud. This applies to other figuring assets, for example, data transmission and preparing power (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Cost sparing: with distributed computing, the association won't need to spend on the equipment and programming required in sending the framework. This outcomes in huge sparing in forthright use. With distributed computing, charging is just accomplished for assets devoured, implying that the organization will just compensation for spent extra room and expended figuring assets (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Reinforcement and recuperation: the cloud stage gives propelled reinforcement and recuperation arrangements which remembers for offsite reinforcement and gives methods for consequently changing to an alternate server should access to the essential server be intruded, subsequently guaranteeing most extreme uptime (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Speedy Deployment: with distributed computing, the organization can receive a framework or send one inside a brief timeframe as no postponements are knowledgeable about buying and setting up the necessary server foundation (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Unwavering quality: Cloud specialist co-ops put vigorously in employing qualified specialists and assets to guarantee most extreme framework accessibility. Impediments Various weaknesses exist identifying with distributed computing appropriation. Distributed computing acquires the conventional data frameworks dangers. Also, cloud administrations are open through the web, and the multi-occupancy nature of the cloud makes it especially helpless to assaults (Krutz and Vines, 2013). A portion of the disservices incorporate; Personal time: blackouts can happen even on the most modern stage. A blackout of administrations would be exceptionally inconvenient to the association as this would totally end the tasks of the wellbeing administrations supplier. For instance in the year 2013, DropBox had a framework blackout that went on for very nearly two days (Talbot, 2013). The way that entrance to distributed computing is through the web implies that, in the event that web access to the office is intruded on, at that point access to the administrations will likewise be hindered Security and protection: one of the significant worry with distributed computing is the issue of security and protection of information. This is a significant thought for this venture since the associations information contains delicate individual and wellbeing information. Embracing a cloud based arrangement will mean re-appropriating even the treatment of this touchy information. An assault on the cloud stage would bring about access to the delicate data. This has occurred before on a cloud stage, the Code Space rate brought about an information penetrate and erasure of the information when their Amazon web administration AWS EC2 support was hacked (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Such an occurrence would be exceptionally harming to the wellbeing administrations provider.Limited control and adaptability: By selection a cloud based arrangement, the association will have constrained command over the framework facilitating the arrangement, for example, the execution and processing capacities. Making sure about information in the cloud Information security in the cloud is the fundamental issue confronting cloud selection today. The ability of cloud specialist co-ops to give sufficient information security is one of the key contemplations while choosing a cloud specialist organization. Though the convectional information assurance models centers around organize driven and edge security, by utilization of system gadgets and innovations, for example, interruption location framework and firewalls, this methodology isn't adequate to give protection from the present complex assaults, for example, utilization of APTs and advantaged clients. Information Protection Measures Conceiving hard to-figure passwords Utilizing Access control list which characterizes consent for each sort of information Utilization of solid vehicle level encryption for information in travel just as capacity encryption The cloud specialist co-op ought to solidify their servers to secure the processing assets against known and obscure vulnerabilities in the framework and the basic working framework (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Giving constrained access: client records should just approach just the information identified with their jobs (Krutz and Vines, 2013). Actualizing reinforcement and recuperation: most cloud suppliers offer continuous replication of information, with information being supported up at an offsite area to forestall total loss of information, in the event of an assault or a catastrophic event (Krutz and Vines, 2013). SDLCApproach This undertaking can either be moved toward utilizing the Predictive or Adaptive SDLC. The Predictive SDLC Approach is most appropriate for a venture where the necessities are notable and the means can be anticipated. The periods of the procedure are consecutively arranged and executed with negligible covers. Then again, an Adaptive technique is appropriate for a circumstance where the necessities are probably going to change and the advancement procedure can't be satisfactorily anticipated. Versatile systems are profoundly adaptable, iterative and intelligent strategies of building up venture necessities. The methodology grasps eccentric changes to a task. Upsides and downsides of utilizing Predictive SDLC Prescient methodologies, for example, the Waterfall Model has the upside of; The methodology has clear targets that are set from the beginning of the task The framework prerequisites are steady and don't change over the ventures life The methodology has quantifiable advancement Has severe close down necessities meaning a reasonable

My Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Teaching Philosophy

My Teaching Philosophy I accept that training reaches out a long ways past the study hall dividers, and includes a lot a greater number of individuals than understudies and instructors. Individuals ought to adapt any place they go, and should keep taking in long after they’ve moved on from secondary school or school. Training isn’t something that can be measured with tests or report cards, however is rather something that individuals convey with them. It’s an endurance pack forever, and a few people are preferable prepared in specific zones over in others. Individuals with strong training are set up for almost anything, as they will have the option to accommodate their own physical, passionate, and tasteful necessities. That being stated, I likewise accept that a pivotal piece of training occurs inside school during the early stages of a person’s life. Whether or not a youngster is sufficiently blessed to originate from an empowering and adoring home, it is the activity of the school to offer passionate help just as scholarly information. â€Å"The school,† obviously, is a theoretical term which really implies the educators and overseers. I...

This Simple Observation Technique Can Improve Your Communication Skills

This Simple Observation Technique Can Improve Your Communication Skills You know that communication is important. You also know that there are skills you can learn to improve your communication.Many of those skills have been covered before.Whether individually or as part of other topics like interviews.But did you know that there is a simplified method of learning and remembering how to communicate effectively?We have a communication technique which we will teach you. It focuses on the visual cues you can openly see from your audience. If communicating with an individual, the same applies.All you have to do is know what to look for.And the best part is that the name of the technique is itself a tip to help you remember everything.THE APF COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUEBeing something you do daily, communicating is natural. However, it can also be challenging.This is especially so when you consider the increased attention communication is getting.It is being discussed everywhere and the skill is a must-have for any job.As such, you can end up being tense the next time you want to make a good first impression.How does your voice sound? Are you standing in the right posture? Is your face betraying your fear? Are you shaking the person’s hand well?To help you overcome this challenge, here is a technique which will come in handy.Since communication is over 90% non-verbal, it focuses on the non-verbal aspects. We call it the APF technique.It is helpful for both communicating well and understanding how the other party is communicating. Here is the breakdown of it.A â€" ARMSYour arms are one of the parts of your body which are likely to be moving most during a conversation. Of course you can have your arms stationary at your sides. This is however very unlikely.In the course of the communication, non-verbal cues will be released and you may move your hands involuntarily.The movement or position of your arms says a lot. It helps solidify your message and make it clearer. It helps demonstrate what you are talking about.To better see how this works , let’s dig into various hand positions and movements and what they imply. Remember that these work across the board.You can observe them to better understand your audience while also being careful to utilize the right cues to communicate better.Crossed ArmsWhen your audience has crossed arms, it’s easy to assume that they are closed off. Popular explanations for crossing one’s arms is that this means you are not open to the conversation.This has been greatly popularized though it’s not entirely true.There are many reasons someone may have their arms crossed across their chest.1. Being defensive â€" this is one of the commonly-held explanations of crossing your arms. True to the explanation, you will naturally cross your arms when you feel as though you’re being attacked. This is a self-defensive reaction.If you are talking with someone about something then you notice them cross their arms, consider what you have just said. Regardless of how soft your tone is, accusations made against someone else can elicit this reaction.2. Self-restraining â€" when someone is getting really upset and is about to act in anger, he may also cross his arms. This often happens with people who are inclined to bursts of anger but are trying to master the weakness.In an attempt to withhold themselves from doing something they may regret later, they will typically cross their arms. If the anger is too much, you might notice some shaking in their arms.It’s as though they are locking their arms away to avoid punching you in the face.3. Anxious or fearful â€" another cause of crossing the arms is anxiety and fear. Fear itself is the cause of many non-verbal cues which are exhibited in various ways and not just through crossed arms.But one of the ways it comes out is when someone is in a situation which causes them anxiety. The fear of what the end of the situation will be is what makes them anxious.4. Power pose â€" this is well talked about as it is one of the more common r easons behind crossed arms. When you intend to show authority, you may find yourself crossing your arms. The same applies to the person you are talking to.When you’re trying to convince someone of something and they cross their arms, they might be telling you that they will decide later.Or maybe they are not convinced with your explanations. You can expect some tough questions from them.As they do this, they will be making it clear that your progress is subject to their approval. If you find yourself in such a situation, it’s time to change tack.5. Listening analytically â€" very few communication experts mention this. It might be because it’s not widely seen but that doesn’t make it worth ignoring. If you want to see this at work, get someone who is analytical and engage him on a technical subject of his interest.Start a discussion with him about a new development and seek to explain the logic in it. You will see him listening keenly and crossing his arms. Is he telling you he isn’t interested? No.On the contrary, he is very interested. He is actually very engaged and you can see this through other cues like his facial expression.6. Warding off the cold â€" how can communication experts ignore this one? Don’t people all over the world attempt to keep warm by crossing their arms? If it’s really cold, they will also be shaking and maybe rubbing their arms at the same time.This is more of a self-hug to keep warm. And it can certainly happen during conversations when out in the cold. Is the person closing himself off? No.These are some of the reasons people cross their arms. When you see this, do not be quick to conclude that the person is not interested in the conversation.It will be better to check other signs or consider the whole environment before making a conclusion.Clenched Hands (Fists)This is another part of the body to watch for cues to direct your communication appropriately. The hands, though an extension of the arms, work quite separate ly during communication.As with crossed arms, the popular explanation of clenched fists is anger.Yes, people clench their fists when angry. You probably do it too.But there’s more to it. Also, clenched hands can also be located on different areas of the body.And the different parts for resting the hands imply different things.1. In front of the body â€" this can happen with the hands in front of the face or on the table. The reason is usually anxiety though frustration could also cause this action. You will normally see this on someone trying to convince someone else about something but isn’t being successful.When displaying frustration, this is a sign of self-restraint. There is potential for an unwanted expression that needs to be avoided.You can also see this when the person speaking is anxious about not communicating effectively.If you notice this from the person you are talking with, it’s time to digress a little. The subject is making him uncomfortable.You can also try u nderstanding the trigger which caused the response. Do this by asking open-ended questions about the situation.2. On the crotch â€" if someone places their clenched hands over the crotch, they are trying to be confident. They are however not confident because they feel quite vulnerable. This often happens when in front of an authority figure or in front of many people.This can also be a sign of respect. When talking to your boss, for example, you might feel uncomfortable with your hands on the side. Intending to show respect and confidence, your hands can naturally move to this position. Source: PsychMechanicsThe biggest cause is however a feeling of vulnerability. If the person you’re talking with does this, try making him comfortable.Use more gentle words, smile some more and don’t say anything that directly touches on him. Don’t make any negative comment about him.3. Behind the back â€" ever seen the police hold their hands behind their back during on-foot patrols? This is a sign of confidence. They are basically saying that they are in control.All the same, this is not the only interpretation you can glean from observing this. Holding the hands behind the back can also signify vulnerability.Again, this can be easily seen when an employee is speaking with his superior. It therefore largely depends on the context.GesturesHand gestures are another universal mode of communication. Some gestures are signs intended to be meaningful communication.In other cases, the hands are used to help describe something or show differences.Before we look at the different gestu res often used in communication, it’s important to take note of one thing. Some gestures have very different meanings depending on place, culture and other factors.For example, consider these differences in body language across the world:Whereas nodding your head may show agreement or approval, Bulgarians and Greeks use it to indicate a negative.While the Portuguese tug their earlobes to indicate that the food is tasty, doing so in Spain means you’re not paying for your drinks.Although you may think it normal to use your finger for pointing, some Latin American cultures use their lips for pointing. Source: Business InsiderThere are many types of hand gestures which people use for communication. Some work like shortcuts whereas others are “additional communication.”It’s important to know these gestures so you can understand what is being signaled by the person you’re talking with. Moreover, you can also utilize these gestures to better communicate your message.It might interest you to learn the results of one TED Talk research by Science of People. It was found that the least popular TED Talkers used an average of 272 hand gestures during their 18-minute talk. On the other hand, the most popular ones used an average of 465.Do you see the difference? Do you see the connection between the number of hand gestures and the success of the speakers?Well, you too can learn the trick.You can learn what to look out for in other people’s response. You can also learn how to consciously use the same gestures to be successful in your communication.Here are some hand gestures to fami liarize yourself with. The video below the list shows these in action. Watch it for even more hand gestures you can use for more effective communication.Listing â€" this is done when giving a count of something. You often use it when making points. You will show one finger and talk about your first point. You will then go on to show two fingers and make you second point etc.Everything â€" this happens in either of two ways. You can move one hand from one side to the other. Alternatively, you can have both hands draw a big circle in the air. Your hands will start from the same point, go round in opposite directions and meet at the beginning.You â€" this is a great alternative gesture to the pointing usually done with the index finger. Since finger pointing can feel like an attack, you do this using an open hand. Your palm should be facing up as you move your hand slightly towards the person you’re talking with.This list represents a small sample of gestures used by people while spe aking.What’s more, you will avoid being boring. Speaking while your hands are completely rested on your sides make you look rigid and boring. P â€" POSTUREThe second letter of this technique stands for posture. Although it’s easier to see arm movements than posture because of their visibility, someone’s posture also says a lot.Primarily, this can be divided into two: sitting posture and standing posture.It’s necessary to note that matters to do with posture also touch on health. More specifically, the health of your back. A bad sitting or standing posture can result in back pains.You can also consider a third categoryâ€"walkingâ€"but this may not be very necessary. If you can decode someone’s feelings and attitudes by how they sit or stand, their walking will be automatic.For example, someone with little self-confidence will sit in a certain way. The way he positions his shoulders, keeps his head low etc. will most likely be the same while walking.Here is a link to walking postures. You can study it separately to understand it as a single subject.Upright PostureAn upright posture communicates confidence. Whether sitting or standing, the upright posture can be noticed easily.When you have this posture, your head will be held up and your back will be straight. If seated, your back should be in contact with the back of the chair.Apart from confidence, you can also pick cues of interest from someone with an upright posture.Think of how you would sit up in class during an interesting subject. Or during a boring one but then the teacher happened to change topic and cracked a joke.Any time you’re involved in an interesting conversation, you will likely take this position. For your audience, they will respond in a similar manner. Source: Harvard HealthSlouchingThis is a bad sign for you if you’re giving a presentation. Your audience slouching means they are not paying attention. Their minds are not where their physical bodies are.Generally, this posture is the kind that you see on people who are lazy or are working as though forced to. Their movement is slow and you can tell that they are using a lot of energy to make a single step.Slouching may indicate disinterest or a low self-esteem.If the person you’re talking with is not interested in the conversation, you will prove it through other cues like looking away. They may also be checking the time, their phone etc.If it’s a matter of low self-esteem, the response might be slightly different.They may be putting an effort to engage but saying little. It will be as though they don’t have much to talk about. This is despite seeming interested in the conversation.Looking DownIf talking with someone who is constantly looking down, something is going on.The common explanation is that they are trying to hide something. This is often the case. The other possible reason is shyness.This is of course depends on what you’re communicating. Unless you’re hitting on that person, you can safely ignore this.If you’re speaking with someone who is constantly looking down, you will not have a productive exchange with that person.If both of you are standing, suggest walking a little. This will remove the need they have to look at you.If they are lying about something, you may notice a sudden relief and an ease in talking. If there was a contentious issue, the struggle to explain it will cease or at least reduce.If it was a matter of shyness, the change will not be radical. It will be much gradual.F â€" FACELastly, the letter “F.” This stands for facial expressions. This is quite easy considering that the basic emotions to look out for are just six.That’s right.There are 6 basic emotions which people generally exhibit.Everything else flows out of these. Source: VerywellmindThese might be the easiest part of the technique since they require little training.1. Happiness â€" this facial expression is the ultimate proof that what you’re talking about is being well received. Happiness is one of the most sought after feelings. Life is considered by many to be stressful enough that the smallest dose of happiness is always welcome.Note that you don’t need to be a comedian to make someone happy while listening to you.It is not necessarily about making someone laugh as it is about making them like being around you.If you connect with someone well, their smiles will show that they appreciate your company.2. Sadness â€" a sad face is common during mourning. Being a very distinct show of someone’s feeling, you should not ignore it. This is a negative feeling. The person exhibiting this will ignore everything else apart from empathy.If when talking you notice sadness, immediately find out what the problem is. Maybe the person just remembere d something sad.Or you mentioned something which brought up a sad memory.Since you don’t want to dwell on that, change the subject.If you’re planning to speak publicly, it helps to research about the audience beforehand. This way, you will avoid mentioning sensitive subjects unknowingly.3. Fear â€" one of the most powerful emotions is fear. Fear is so powerful that it has been used to manipulate great masses. Politicians often use it during election campaigns to tell their supporters that their opponents’ victory means harm.Sales people and marketers also utilize this emotion. They show you the badness of the problem you’re facing before showing you how their solution will give you relief.When you speak with someone expressing fear, the first thing to do is seek to comfort them. Be empathetic and don’t rush to offer solutions.If the person is willing to talk about the issue, listen. Genuinely pay attention and show that you are concerned.Once they have opened up to you, th en you can bring in your solution. The trust you have earned by listening and showing genuine concern will open the door for your solution to be embraced. Or at least considered.4. Anger â€" depicted in emojis using a red face, this is indeed a danger sign. If your audience is angry with something you said, better be careful. Be ready to get out of their way before something comes flying your direction.If standing in front of the person, move your body to face away from him. Also try moving slightly away from them as you soften your voice. If your words are what have made them angry, be quick to apologize.In case you’re not sure what went wrong, feel free to ask. Watch for any signs of potential aggression. If he tells you what went wrong and you’re not directly responsible, just apologize and change the topic. If necessary, stop the conversation.5. Disgust â€" if disgust is shown towards something, then that’s quite okay. But if towards someone, to some extent, that’s not o kay. Expressing disgust against someone is quite disrespectful. It is better to express disagreement than show disgust.Showing disgust against people is simply an issue of hatred and in most cases, it is uncalled for. This is common when people are trying to force others to agree with their opinions.As such, disgust is a sign of intolerance. It can also result from character assassination.If this is the attitude shown towards you, be careful how you proceed. If the mistake you made is mentioned, respond by showing that you admit the mistake and apologize for it.If the situation worsens, just back off. Another opportunity to communicate and relate will come up.6. Surprise â€" this expression comes up when something good happens unexpectedly. It might be an unexpected gift, a surprise acknowledgment or anything of the sort. Surprise should not be confused with shock.Although surprise can be both positive or negative, it is often positive. Shock on the other hand is only negative.Surpr ise will often be accompanied with joy and characterized by a shout, raised hands, jumping etc. And depending on the context, some people might also hug you.CONCLUSIONAs mentioned at the beginning of this article, the APF technique is purely observational. It focuses on what you see and not what you hear.This does not mean someone’s tone is not important.Furthermore, none of the three cues i.e. arm movements, posture and the face can be interpreted individually.As pointed out in the section about crossed arms, such a move can be misleading.These cues should also be interpreted in context.

Essay on Capital Punishment Must Be Abolished - 4200 Words

The death penalty is not the most effective form of punishment for criminals. The death penalty is hypocritical; it condemns killing by killing people. Many supporters of capital punishment cite retribution as being a justification for the death penalty; however, no matter what the circumstance, murder is never justified. Ghandi once said â€Å"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.† Two wrongs can never make a right. Capital punishment should be abolished because while even though many supporters of the death penalty claim that it prevents crime, there is no evidence that it has been proven to do so. Also, many people support the death penalty because it prevents criminals from ever being allowed back on the streets to commit further†¦show more content†¦In taking a look at these and other reasons, it is clear that the death penalty needs to be abolished. The history of the death penalty dates as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the code of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which made the death penalty a method of punishment for twenty five different crimes (Reggio). In the 14th Century B.C., the Hittite Code also prescribed the death penalty. The death penalty was also used later on during the 7th Century B.C. in the Draconian Code of Athens, but it differed from the Hittite Code in that it made death the penalty for every crime committed (Reggio). In the 5th Century B.C., the Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets also used the death penalty (Reggio). The death penalty was used during this time for crimes ranging from â€Å"publication of libels and insulting songs, the cutting or grazing of crops planted by a farmer, the burning a house or a stack of corn near a house, cheating by a patron of his client, perjury, making disturbances at night in the city, willful murder of a freeman or a parent, or theft by a slave† (Reggio) and was carried out in different ways such as â€Å"crucifixion, drowning at sea, burial alive, beating to death, and impalement† (Reggio). One of the most interesting methods used during this time was by the Romans, who punished the crime of murder of a parent by â€Å"submersing the criminal in water in a sack, which also contained aShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment Must be Abolished Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Must be Abolished Is capital punishment just? The death penalty is a controversial issue for most people. 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In historical data, the first death penalty was imposed to offender who was blamed for magic in 16th century BC Egypt (Regio, 1997). Unfortunately, death penalty is still practiced in some countries. For example, in Egypt recently on 24 March 2014, Minya Criminal Court impose d death penalty to 529 followers of Egyptian ex-president

Analysis Of The Article Cracking The Cornfields ...

NAME: NNEKA EJEBE (ASA BYKE) COURSE: SOC 530 (INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL RESEARCH) ASSIGNMENT: RESPONSE PAPER 3 LECTURER: DR MILLER DATE: November 4, 2015. Some researchers have explained that the focus in urban areas has led to rural felonies being overlooked (Forsyth Copes, 2014). Studies of crime frequently focus on comparisons among urban areas but rarely examine differences in rural areas. I will summarize and critically review the article â€Å"Cracking the cornfields: Recruiting Illicit Stimulant Drug Users in Rural Ohio by Draus et al (2005). The past researches done on illicit drug use in the urban settings and their fairly-effective recruiting techniques of respondents led this research team to illustrate the effectiveness of†¦show more content†¦The response rates of subjects differed from the three communities researched but the use of coded coupons helped the researchers to identify relationships between respondents. In conclusion, although the research team had some difficulties in carrying out this study, respondent driven sample strengthened by ethnography was illustrated as an effective method to investigate the use of illicit drugs in rural areas like Ohio. According to Abate Blommel (2013), there should be an appropriate scientific background and rational provided in the introduction of a research. The study should be adequately structured to fulfill its stated purpose. The aim and objective of the research done by Draus et al (2005) was concise and clear. It scientifically explained the steps of how respondent driven sample was used as an effective tool to recruit illicit drug users in small town rural areas of Ohio. This addressed the gaps in the previous study done by other researchers in big cities. Daymond et al (2011) were of opinion that literature review of a research should be done using a wide range of high quality literatures. On the other hand, Creswell (2007) argued that although an extensive literature review is important, outdated literatures could affect the result and findings of the study. The researchers offered unbiased and overt review by acknowledging the views of many authors and arguments about the problem of the study. Furthermore, qualitative and ethnographic

Safe Administration of Intravenous Medication and Management of Central Line Free Essays

Intravenous therapy is a crucial element of acute care management; this provides easy access for medication, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and administration of blood products (Wiechula Hodgkinson, 2002). This is an invasive procedure that entails a number of risks for the patient. This literature review will provide important information regarding the safe administration of intravenous medication and the management of the central line. We will write a custom essay sample on Safe Administration of Intravenous Medication and Management of Central Line or any similar topic only for you Order Now Safe Administration of Intravenous Medication. The article â€Å"Safe Practice in intravenous medicine administration† from the Nursing Standard journal provided a detailed account of safe administration of intravenous medication. The IV route has many advantages over other routes, mainly because of its absorption rate, but it must â€Å"only be used when its benefits outweigh its risks† (Lavery, 2008). The first step in safe administration of intravenous medication is assessment of the patient’s condition and satisfying the 5 Rights of drug administration; Right Patient, Right Dose, Right Medication, Right Route, and Right time. The patient’s chart must also be checked for all the other drugs that the patient is currently taking. The expiration date of the medicine ordered must be checked as well. Drug interactions and interval of the medication must be considered as well. This must be taken seriously as 22% of medication errors committed on general medical practice were due to lack of knowledge of this little detail (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2005). As a confirmatory measure the drug order must be consulted with another nurse. There was evidence that suggested the efficiency of having two nurses check medication orders prior to administration (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2005). Following hospital protocol, the procedure must be explained to the patient and acquire consent on the doing the procedure. Secondly, the materials needed for the procedure must be prepared. The materials needed will be dependent on the route specified which could be; bolus injection, intermittent infusion, and continuous infusion. IV bolus injection requires the use of a syringe; conclusive evidence suggested that labels on syringes or enhancements on syringe may prevent medication errors (ISMP Medication Safety Alert, 2004). Application of aseptic technique is essential in the process of drug administration through the intravenous route. Thus, swabbing the injection port with alcohol is an important practice. The injection port is exposed to bacteria and injecting these to the patient’s system must be avoided (Institute for Safe Medication Practices, 2007). No conclusive evidence was presented on this claim. Upon swabbing the IV port with alcohol and letting it dry, the next step is to administer the medication at the IV port. The rate of the IV push must be observed carefully, since there are conclusive evidence of death occurring on an IV push that was done too quickly (Cohen, 2003). This is known as â€Å"Speed Shock† and will be discussed in detail later. If the method of administration is through continuous infusion, the rate of infusion must be confirmed with another nurse (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2005). An infusion pump may be used to ensure accurate infusion rates. The careful use of the infusion pump must be observed by the nurse.. After drug administration, the patient must now be watched closely for adverse reaction to the drug. After assessment of the patient after administration, the central line must be flushed with a 5-10 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. This is a precautionary measure to relieve the cannula of any residual medicine (Lavery, 2008). Afterwards, the sharps and other equipments used should be discarded in a proper container. CDC recommended that sharps should be disposed in a proper container; â€Å"closable, puncture resistant, leakproof on the sides and bottom, and appropriately labeled or color coded† (CDC, 1998). Proper documentation and monitoring of therapeutic effect concludes the procedure (Wiechula Hodgkinson, 2002). Management of the Central Line The article; â€Å"Promoting Best Practice in the Management of Peripheral Vascular Devices† from the Joanna Briggs Institute, used an evidence based approach on the management of peripheral vascular devices. It stressed a number of key recommendations in achieving best practices in the management of a central line (Wiechula Hodgkinson, 2002). This literature will be central to this discussion. It is common medical knowledge that hand washing and observance of the aseptic technique is crucial for the prevention of infection. This was also pointed out in the article and was given utmost importance. The next guideline is the dressing of the central line; the article suggested the use of gauze or transparent dressing. It also suggested that it should be changed when it is damp, loosened or soiled. Conclusive research from CDC noted that both the transparent and gauze dressings virtually have the same effect (CDC, 2002). Secondly, the routine replacement of IV catheters, IV therapy is an invasive procedure and these devices can harbor bacteria that can cause complications. In addition, it also stressed rotation of the site of catheter insertion every 48-72 hours to prevent phlebitis; this suggestion was well within the extent of rotation specified by the CDC which was every 72-96 hours (CDC, 2002). Moreover, it also stressed that IV catheter should be replaced at the first sign of phlebitis. Another consideration for the removal of the catheter is evidence of local infection (Gosbell, 2005). The third guideline was the replacement of the IV administration sets at 72 hour intervals. These equipments include; blood products, piggy back, and lipid emulsions. When a medical order required the use of these materials, the healthcare provider must make sure that these materials should be replaced or disposed of when it goes past its usefulness. This must be meticulously observed especially with blood products and lipid emulsions, which produces a higher incidence of bacterial colonization; this case requires the IV administration set to be replaced within 24 hours of initiating the infusion. Fourth, is the use of flush solutions to prevent thrombosis or infection, heparin is the most common flush solution in use today. A study with much legitimacy in it, has confirmed that flushing a catheter with a vancomycin/heparin lock will yield to a significant decrease in infection rate (Woensel, 2008). Much debate surrounds the issue of whether it should be done continuously or intermittently. A recent study by the Cochrane Collaboration attempted to address this issue. Considering the inconclusive results of the study, it still claimed that intermittent flushing, â€Å"were less likely to infiltrate, leak, or cause phlebitis† (Flint, Macintosh, Davies, 2008). The fifth management approach to a central line is the use of in-line filters. Wietchula Hudgkinson noted that this device is thought to reduce the incidence of infection, but no evidence confirms this claim. A similar claim supported this notion that in-line filters have no significant relation to decreased incidence of infection in a study conducted by the Cochrane Collaboration (Foster, 2008). This study, too, was shrouded with impartiality due to the lack of sufficient data. Lastly, proper management of a central line requires documentation of insertion date and time of the intravenous device. This would also serve as a guide for the overall care of the patient (Wiechula Hodgkinson, 2002). Complications of Intravenous Therapy Intravenous therapy is widely used in acute care management. Due to the invasive nature of the procedure, healthcare providers must abide with known safe practices just like the ones outlined in this study. Failure to comply with safe practices can lead to infection and even death. The most disastrous complication can arise from failing to observe safe practice in intravenous medication. Meanwhile the patient can suffer from infections and much discomfort from failing to observe clinically effective practices on the management of the central line. These two topics will be explored in this section of the study. Aside from describing â€Å"Safe Practice in intravenous medicine administration†, this article also included some complications that arise in practices that are not clinically effective. Failure to asses the patient and confirming the medication can lead to disastrous results. A staggering 30% of medication errors arise from administering an inappropriate drug (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2005). An article entitled â€Å"Medication Errors†, mentioned that improper disinfection of multi dose vials can leave the patient at risk for infection with staphylococcus aureus (Cohen, 2003). The article even mentioned that refrigerating the MDV prolongs the life of the S. aureus compared with storing it in room temperature. In addition, it also mentioned the deadly effects of administering a drug too quickly (Cohen, 2003). This is otherwise known as â€Å"Speed Shock† (Lavery, 2008). This is the body’s violent reaction to a foreign body that was abruptly introduced in the system. The patient may experience hypotension, shock, flushed face, tachycardia, shock,and cardiovascular collapse. Miscalculations in the required dosage can be deadly to the patient as well. Failure of the healthcare provider to confirm the order with a doctor or colleague contributes to the occurrences of medication error. Studies have shown that one of the factors contributing to medication error is â€Å"poor communication healthcare professionals†, which comprises of 19% of recorded incidents (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2005). The healthcare provider administering medications must be familiar with standard dosage computation and manipulation of infusion devices like the infusion pump. There are concrete evidences published in the medical safety alert of ISMP regarding misuse of the infusion pump. It stated: â€Å"a misprogrammed infusion pump can leave a patient only a button press away from disaster† (Institute for Safe Medication Practice, 2002). Another complication is extravasations or infiltration. This condition is characterized by local edema and pain on the site of catheter insertion. This is caused by accidental administration of the drug to a surrounding tissue by a cannula poised in a wrong angle or problems in its patency. As mentioned earlier, failure to observe safe practices in managing the central line can also lead to serious complications. The article â€Å"Diagnosis and Management of Catheter Related Bloodstream infections due to staphylococcus aureus† outlined the complications arising from bad practices in management of peripheral vascular devices. Among the complications it discussed were; Catheter Colonization, Phlebitis, Infusate related bloodstream infection, and Cather related bloodstream infection. Colonization of bacteria on the catheter tip is the most common complication associated with wrongful management of the catheter tip. The Maki hypothesis stated that bacteria from the skin surrounding the catheter site can migrate to the catheter and eventually to the bloodstream (Gosbell, 2005). Catheter related bloodstream infection may lead to bacteremia and sepsis. The bacterium that is most commonly associated with this kind of infection is S. aureus which account to 5-50% of cases and coagulase-negative staphylococci in 20% to 96% (Gosbell, 2005). Failure to observe aseptic technique upon insertion of the IV catheter can contaminate the central line itself and directly introduce bacteria in the patient’s bloodstream. Another issue arising in practices that are not clinically effective is infusate-bloodstream infection. This is an infection through contamination of the fluids that are being administered. The use of the IV port either for injecting medicine or extracting blood from the patient can introduce microorganisms on the system. This commonly happens to blood products and lipid emulsions were bacterial growth is common. Lastly, phlebitis, this condition is characterized by redness, pain, and swelling around the insertion site. Phlebitis may be caused by infection and other patient factors like the patient’s inherent risk in developing such problems. Healthcare providers must be very careful in caring for patients undergoing intravenous therapy. Previous researches have shown that nosocomial infections due to bad practices in intravenous therapy account to 200,000 cases each year (Wiechula Hodgkinson, 2002). Patients arrive in the hospital to seek medical attention, it is only imperative that healthcare providers must deliver the quality of care that patients deserve and avoid aggravating their illness by complications that could be avoided by safe practices. How to cite Safe Administration of Intravenous Medication and Management of Central Line, Papers

Auditing & Assurance Services Significant Business Role

Question: Describe about the Auditing Assurance Services for Significant Business Role. Answer: Introduction The importances of Auditing Assurance Services are ever-increasing in current business context for the cotemporary business entities and these play significant role in the process of identifying the inherent risks exist within the organization. These particular services help in identifying the own strength and weakness of a business organization (Arens, Elder and Beasley, 2006). Specially, the weakness in managing the records of the transaction of the company can be performed by the Auditing Assurance Services. Apart from this, it helps in making reports from the information recorded by the accountant of the company on the financial events, which took places within this financial year. It helps in recognizing the in house issues and the operational inefficiencies and by providing extra attention to the issue the issues can be reduced and so that the company can improve its efficiency and effectiveness (Botica Redmayne, 2012). In this way the company can ensure its further growth an d development thus the entire stakeholders of the company are benefitted by Auditing Assurance Services. The fundamental roles of the Auditing Assurance Services are to analysis the financial statements of the company and compare the data from the financial statement with the actual data. The auditors use to provide audit report after completion of the auditing tasks. The audit report on a firm provides actual information about the financial condition of the specific firm. Therefore, the audit report improves the trust on the firm as well as it improves the reputation of the company among the investors, shareholders and customers of the company. As usually a third party conduct the auditing thus, its reliance is increased. The auditors basically take care of entire stakeholders benefits and the benefit of the companies (Dong, Paul and Zhang, 2009). For this report an Australian business entity named One Tell has been undertaken and al the requisite theories and concepts will be di scussed based on this firm. Main body Discussion on features contribute in rising inherent risk estimation There are several factors which significantly contributed in growing inherent risk assessment. Few of the critical factor, which are detected in the undertaken case study such as building insufficient structure of the business entities as well as lacking of the professional ethics (Eilifsen, 2006). In the undertaken case study of One Tell it is observed that the company was one of the most established Australian companies, fourth largest telecommunication company in Australia. Despite accomplishing substantial success the company has been collapsed only within its six operation year. It is found from the case that the senior most management staffs of the organization are indulging with corruption for this reasons the company was lacking from adequate professional ethics. Apart from this, the company had deficiency professional competency, integrity and objectivity that led the company to its awful destination (Gay and Simnett, 2012). Auditors role was heavily criticized in the case o f One Tell Company. Moreover, for this reason the companys financial actions have to go through stringent scrutinized process. Besides this, the company has to face the danger of liquidation. Moreover, the hiding financial information is described in a detailed way. The auditors performance in this matter has been taken in an excellent way; however, in this case their performance was not proper in order to judge of the firm (Hasan et al., 2005). In the case of auditing the firm, the effectiveness as well as efficiency of the auditor seemed to be eliminated, as the risk assessment in order to the process of Auditing has been absent. By making effective judgment, the deficiency of the professional ethics can be judged. Moreover, in this specific way the deficiency in corporate governance can be found moreover, in this way the company was going to the liquidation state. The company made huge loss by making wastages of the resources of the company and inaccurate decision by the top mana gement of the company led the business firm to the liquidation level (Hay, 2014). Therefore, in the case of One Tell both the auditors firms BOD and Ernst Young are deficient in integrity and they were biased for the top members of in the management. Recognition of known aspects in strategic business risk estimation According to the financial report of the business entities, it can be watched that in the balance sheet /financial position report f the company the liability ratio is continually grown. Apart from this, it is also observed that in the cash flow statement of the firm the operation profit is much lower than the operation cost. The suppliers payment as well as the salary of the staffs is also much higher the payment received from the customers of the business firm (Imoniana and Perera, 2016). Thus, the company has to face loss for the business operation by the company. Apart from this, the investment activities of the company were also loss for the company because the firm invest huge amount of money in the plant and equipment. Moreover, only financing activities by the company made profit for the company. Moreover, according to the income statement or profit and loss statement of the company, the business firm has incurred severe losses. In 2000, the business firm got success in achie ving huge growth but in spite of the growth the business firm was running in losses. Generally the business firm and its management have similar objectives as well as target for the future of the business firm. However, sometimes the rule does not work and the companys objectives vary from the objective of the management staffs of the company. Moreover, in those cases the problem begins, as in the case of One Tell happened (Knechel, 2013). This particular situation of the business firm is called Principle Agent Problem. One Tell face the similar issues and it was the key reason for the collapse of the company. Discussion on inherent risk features and their role in growing inherent risk estimation Improper corporate governance is noticed in this specific case, it was the key reason for the demise of the business firm, and that led the business firm to the state of liquidation. Because of the poor corporate governance the management structure of the company became very poor and with poor management structure the company could not be able to deliver adequate performance that help the company in surviving. The management of the company was comprised with 4 members, who are the non executive director of the company (Knechel et al., 2006). Out of the 4 directors 3 were subject to every year election. The fourth one is Jodee Rich, the CEO of the company who was not elected by the shareholders of the company. At the end of 1988 the company extended its board and adds four more members. Moreover, among the eight board members at that time there are 3 members who were high school mates of Jodee Rich. The audit and financial committee of the company included two members who were very cl ose to Jodee Rich the CEO of the company (Louwers, 2005). The financial committee members were not independent directors with the positions they hold in the company. Investigation conducted by ASIC along with Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia detected that the business firm had deferred expenditure of 48 million AUD. Besides this, the company incurred losses that was greater than 40 million AUD. The audit partner and the external auditors were found guilty, because of overstretching the Australian Accounting and Auditing standards and charged forty eight million. In is watched despite of bigger salary of 2.3 million AUD the executive directors of the company got bonuses of 82.5 million AUD when the business firm was going through the losses of 292 million AUD in 2000 (Messier and Emby, 2005). It is identified that in order to hide the information from the public these bonuses were marked as delayed expenditures and the establishment cost of the business firm in Europe as per the strategic global expansion plan of the company. Judgment on the risks as high medium or low The business firm had high risk along with lower surrender strategies and a range of incentive for the fresh consumers as well as this could not be effective in regular basis in Australia as the market over there is very small. In mobile market, there are six services providers in Australia and as per the report it is 2nd largest in the global market. Furthermore, the expenditures of the business entities were beyond the financial capacity of the firm (Ruhnke and Lubitzsch, 2010). Besides this, the One Tell charge much more for the subscription in comparison to the other telecommunication in Australia. Extensive phone capacity procured from Telstra and Optus was used by One Tell. However, the firm had tried to offer economical package to its customers but still the two dominant firms Telstra and Optus had a nominal operating cost in comparison to One Tell (Saxena et al., 2010). The firms strategies were extremely dependent on Telstra and Optus; however, at the same time both the big companies are key rival of the business firm. Recognition of the primary aspects intended for useful decision-making There are other influential aspects, which help in effective decision making were subsequent failure of the billing system. It is apparent in the auditing procedures that the plan of the senior IT staffs of this specific firm is extremely questionable. The individual responsible for development were provided bonuses based on timely building and set up of novel programs and the system (Seetharaman, Sun and Wang, 2011). There was no need of testing or need to provide the essential documents in respect of the quality program. One of the leading accountant of the company disclosed that the company has not any structure or any accounting system, not any method or any control in the billing system of the firm. Primarily the billing system of the firm was accurate for managing the problems because of the small consumer base (Subramaniam and Carey, 2011). For these reasons, in increasing number of consumer the fir was unable to handle the billing system of the firm. Conclusion It is apparent that for the demise of One Tell, one party cannot be pointed. There was deficiency in company structure, lacking in professional ethics, as well as deficiencies in corporate governance, which led the company to its destination and the company collapsed. The management of the company specifically the directors of the company as well as ought to pay adequate attention to the business of the firm along with the financial activities, which also require the attention from the directors. Besides this, the directors must play active role in running the business initiative of the business firm. Apart from this, the individuals must be held accountable for the action performed by them. References Arens, A., Elder, R. and Beasley, M. (2006).Auditing and assurance services. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Botica Redmayne, N. (2012). Essentials of Auditing, Assurance Services Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach20121 Essentials of Auditing, Assurance Services Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach . Massey: Massey University 1st ed.J Acc Organizational Change, 8(1), pp.120-122. Dong, J., Paul, R. and Zhang, L. (2009).High assurance services computing. Dordrecht: Springer. Eilifsen, A. (2006).Auditing and assurance services. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Gay, G. and Simnett, R. (2012).Auditing and assurance services in Australia. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Education. Hasan, M., Maijoor, S., Mock, T., Roebuck, P., Simnett, R. and Vanstraelen, A. (2005). The Different Types of Assurance Services and Levels of Assurance Provided.International Journal of Auditing, 9(2), pp.91-102. Hay, D. (2014). Auditing, International Auditing and the International Journal of Auditing: Editorial.International Journal of Auditing, 18(1), pp.1-1. Imoniana, J. and Perera, L. (2016). The role of IS Auditing in assurance services.MANAGEMENT CONTROL, (1), pp.17-33. Knechel, W. (2013). Do Auditing Standards Matter?.Current Issues in Auditing, p.130422090429005. Knechel, W., Wallage, P., Eilifsen, A. and van Praag, B. (2006). The Demand Attributes of Assurance Services Providers and the Role of Independent Accountants.Int J Auditing, 10(2), pp.143-162. Louwers, T. (2005).Auditing and assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill. Messier, W. and Emby, C. (2005).Auditing assurance services. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Ruhnke, K. and Lubitzsch, K. (2010). Determinants of the Maximum Level of Assurance for Various Assurance Services.International Journal of Auditing, 14(3), pp.233-255. Saxena, R., Srinivas, K., Rai, U. and Rai, S. (2010).Auditing. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Seetharaman, A., Sun, Y. and Wang, W. (2011). Tax-Related Financial Statement Restatements and Auditor-Provided Tax Services.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 26(4), pp.677-698. Subramaniam, N. and Carey, P. (2011). Risk management, governance and assurance.Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7).