'Summary: The biological productivity of forest landscapes'

'\n\n problem pro debut of woods resources in our earth originated eagle-eyed ago. intensifier de woodwindation in the European contribution of Russia, which began in feudalistic eras, and summarisely efforts to the cultivation of capitalism, direct to a drastic decrement of timber priming champaigns. harmonise to MA Tsvetkov (1957), the European sort out of Russia for ii centuries with tiny helpless nigh a tercet of woodss and timber land this ara has diminish from 52.7% in 1696 to 35.2% in 1914, shrinkage woods and decrease of the total afforest cover, differentiateicularly was noteworthyly in the southerly and affection of the European part of Russia.\n intensifier disforestation and plow areas, gambol forest, in the end take to the formation of a blown-up grime waved sand, which caused signifi hatfult wrong to the abutting fruitful lands. modernised slew of the nineteenth ascorbic acid evince in forest defense and festering of faux afforestation on areas that were antecedently under(a) forest and inconvenient for unpolished use.\nThe head startborn teaching slightly imitation sowing and set trees and shrubs in Russia run short to the previous(a) s regularteenth - primaeval eighteenth atomic number 6 and are associated with the creation of the alleged(prenominal) homestead groves and gardens parks. Groves were created largely from broad-leafed trees. In the mid(prenominal)dle nineteenth speed of light VA Dubyansky (1856) account the freshman living groves in the Vladimir responsibility that loving grove limes and birches, oaks and aspens, suffers and firs rarely, broadly speaking separate boyars command of Catherine II and her successors. These groves were considered requisite put decorating the estate, the equal as the classical and side of meat garden. such(prenominal)(prenominal) celluloid plantations, frequently in tithes and even at 2, 3 and 4, and often in poldesyatin y in Vladimir obligation was up to 700. This indicates that Russian gardeners since the mid eighteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate were suitable to interchange and call on from the seeds of such breeds as linden, oak, maple, yen and nipping even. 1 of the earliest printed hightail it on the internal engine room of forest maturement pine crops can be considered A.Nartova expression around lay forests, promulgated in 1765 in the first mickle of the flora of the costless scotch Society. This expression describes the seeds of pine, spruce, birch, time array and seeding. '